Stirling Moss

1929–⁠2020

Part One · The life

Part Two · The man

Part Three · Legacy

The seasons

Reference

The seasons

1961 Last year’s Lotus against the Ferraris

In 1961 Stirling Moss beat Ferrari’s faster cars at Monaco and the Nürburgring in Rob Walker’s Lotus, and won the Gold Cup in the four-wheel-drive Ferguson P99.

Two small open-wheeled racing cars take a bend close together: the leading one, nearer the camera, numbered 14, its driver in a white helmet; the other numbered 2, its driver in a dark helmet.
Moss in Rob Walker’s Lotus, No. 14, and Richie Ginther’s Ferrari, No. 2, in the Dutch Grand Prix, Zandvoort, 22 May 1961. On the last lap Moss took 4th place from Ginther and kept it by a tenth of a second. Unknown photographer / Anefo · CC0

1961

The record

World Championship starts
8
World Championship wins
2
Pole positions
1
Podiums
2
Fastest laps
1
Team
R.R.C. Walker Racing Team
Car
Lotus 18–⁠Climax (1.5-⁠litre four-⁠cylinder), rebuilt as the Lotus 18/21 during the season; at Monza Team Lotus’s Lotus 21, lent by Innes Ireland; in Britain also the Ferguson P99–⁠Climax
Tyres
Dunlop
Numbers
20, 14, 14, 26, 28 and 26 (Fairman’s), 7, 28, 7
Team-⁠mates
Jack Fairman (Britain)
Points
21
Finished
3rd · champion Phil Hill, 34 points

1961 · The season

Before the Monaco Grand Prix of 14 May 1961 the side panels were taken off Stirling Moss’s Lotus, because the afternoon was going to be hot, and a drinking bottle was fitted on the left of his seat. The car was Rob Walker’s dark-blue Lotus 18, of the previous year’s design. The Ferraris it had to beat were new.

For 1961 the World Championship was run for cars of 1½ litres, a formula that favoured Ferrari and its V6 engines. The British teams had to make do with the four-cylinder Coventry Climax until its V8 arrived late in the year. Walker’s Lotus had the new Mark II version, about 152 bhp at nearly 8,000 rpm; Mark Hughes, looking back in 2020, put the output of Richie Ginther’s new V6 at Monaco at about 190. Moss still won at Monaco and at the Nürburgring, and for the third year running finished 3rd in the championship, level on 21 points with Dan Gurney and ahead of him on wins.

During the year the Walker car was rebuilt with Lotus 21 bodywork: Moss raced it as a Lotus 18 at Monaco and Zandvoort and as the 18/21 from Spa onwards, and at Monza he drove a works Lotus 21 lent by Innes Ireland.

Winter and spring

He began the year in the Walker Lotus, with a 2½-litre engine, in New Zealand and Australia: out of the New Zealand Grand Prix with a broken clutch on 7 January, 2nd to Jack Brabham at Wigram a fortnight later, and the winner at Warwick Farm, Sydney, on 29 January.

At home there was a new formula for older cars of 2½ to 3 litres, the InterContinental, and Walker ran a Cooper T53 in it. At Goodwood on Easter Monday, 3 April, Moss won the Lavant Cup in it, after the car had slipped out of gear at the start, and the Sussex Trophy for sports cars in a Lotus 19 of the UDT-⁠Laystall team, as his father’s and Ken Gregory’s British Racing Partnership was now called; in the Glover Trophy he was 4th from pole in the Lotus 18.

Six days later, on 9 April, the Brussels Grand Prix, run in three heats, left him 7th on aggregate with a misfiring engine. A week after that he won the Vienna Grand Prix at Aspern from pole, with the fastest lap; at Syracuse on 25 April the engine misfired again and he was 8th. On 30 April he shared a works Porsche 718 RS 61 with Graham Hill in the Targa Florio and retired near the end with a broken differential. On 6 May, in pouring rain at Silverstone, he won the International Trophy in the Cooper and lapped the field. He had found a patch of grippier surface off the racing line on one corner, he told Simon Taylor in 2006, and with Brabham on his tail he took it deliberately sideways there and caught it on the grip; behind him they backed off. “I was kind of selling them a dummy.”

Practice at Monaco

At Monaco the works teams had two places each, and Moss had a definite entry as a past winner. Motor Sport’s reports that year called him the “Golden Boy”. Walker had brought the Lotus and a spare Cooper; Moss tried the Cooper and found the Lotus much easier to drive on the twisting circuit. In the last session of practice the Lotus was going beautifully, and with a lap in 1:39.1 he took pole from the Ferraris. Beside him on the front row were Jim Clark, in a works Lotus, and Ginther’s Ferrari.

Great drive I

Monaco

 · Lotus 18–⁠Climax, No. 20

A small dark blue rear-engined racing car with a white band and the number 20 on its nose runs along a strip of tarmac between grass verges, a wall of straw bales behind; its driver wears a white helmet.
A Lotus 18 in Rob Walker’s colours, lettered with Moss’s name and numbered 20, his number at Monaco in 1961, at the Goodwood Festival of Speed, 1 July 2012. A car of the type he raced, in his number; neither the chassis nor its driver is named by the photographer. Darren · CC BY 2.0

Ginther’s Ferrari led from the start and was 5 seconds clear in 3 laps, and it took Moss 5 laps to find his stride. On lap 14 he and Jo Bonnier’s Porsche passed the Ferrari, and Moss drew away to 10 seconds. From lap 41 the Ferraris forced the pace; by lap 55 the gap was 4.5 seconds, and from lap 58 Moss could see both of them in his mirrors. Each time they gained a little, he slipped past a slower car, and the baulking held them at 5 seconds. To Denis Jenkinson of Motor Sport, “It was rather like a fighter-plane being chased by a superior enemy and being saved by dodging into clouds.” On lap 84 Ginther lapped in 1:36.3, nearly 3 seconds under the pole time; on lap 85 Moss did the same. On lap 91 Ginther threw away his chewing gum for a last attack. After 100 laps they crossed the line 3.6 seconds apart, with Phil Hill 3rd.

The Lotus 18

1961 · The season

Moss told Jenkinson afterwards, quietly and in confidence, “Boy, I was on my personal limit for the whole of that race.” Ferrari’s engineer, Carlo Chiti, said, as Jenkinson reported it, “Moss is Moss.” Simon Taylor later worked out that Moss’s race time was exactly 100 times his pole lap plus 40 seconds: 0.4 seconds a lap slower than pole, on average, for 100 laps. Moss himself, asked in 2006, thought it probably his best race. Ginther, years later, put it his own way: “if I was within three and a half seconds of his greatest drive, I’ll take that any day!”

Zandvoort to Reims

On 22 May, at Zandvoort, the Ferraris showed their real pace in the final session of practice, and Moss’s best time stayed the one he had set on the first day. He started 4th. Wolfgang von Trips and Hill took the first two places for Ferrari, and Clark was 3rd; on the last lap Moss took 4th from Ginther, whose Ferrari had been slowed by a broken throttle spring, and kept it by a tenth of a second.

At Le Mans on 10 and 11 June Moss and Graham Hill shared Walker’s Ferrari 250 GT, entered by the North American Racing Team, until a fan blade broke and the engine lost its water; it was his last Le Mans. In practice at Spa-⁠Francorchamps a week later, on worn tyres, he made a last attempt to make up with his driving what the car lacked in power, and managed 4:08.2. He was 8th on the grid and 8th in the race on 18 June; Ferraris took the first four places. At Reims-Gueux on 2 July he qualified 4th by tucking in close behind von Trips, who never realised that he was giving Moss a good lap time, and in the race a rear brake pipe failed. Giancarlo Baghetti won on his championship debut.

Aintree and the Ferguson

The British Grand Prix at Aintree on 15 July brought a new car into Walker’s entries, the Ferguson P99. Built and run by Ferguson Research, by Tony Rolt and Claude Hill, it had four-wheel drive and a Climax engine at the front, and Walker’s dark blue with a white noseband; it was meant to further the cause of four-wheel drive for road cars. It had raced once, a week before, with Jack Fairman. Moss lapped it in 2:00.6 after only a few laps of practice, and in the wet he was quicker in it than in his Lotus, though Jenkinson saw that his habit of flicking a car into a corner made the neutral-steering Ferguson twitch.

Moss raced the Lotus and Fairman the Ferguson. In heavy rain Moss ran 3rd, then 2nd to von Trips, seldom more than a second behind him. On lap 24 the Lotus slid at Melling Crossing at about 100 mph (161 km/⁠h); he corrected it left, right and left again, let it spin a full circle, caught it, chose a lower gear and took Tatts Corner as if nothing had happened. On lap 45 he came in with no brakes: a balance pipe on the left-rear brake had broken, as one on the other side had at Reims.

Fairman’s Ferguson had been push-started after a pit stop, which was against the rules, and the stewards had disqualified Fairman, but the team was told that the car could go on running. Moss took it over for the last 25 laps, lapping at just over 2 minutes, and Ferrari’s team manager, Eraldo Tavoni, warned his drivers with a pit board: “Look out, Moss is in car 26.” Other teams protested, and the car was called in. Moss himself was not disqualified; if Fairman had stayed in the car, Jenkinson thought, nobody would have protested at all. Von Trips won, ahead of two more Ferraris.

A week earlier, at Silverstone on 8 July, Moss had won the British Empire Trophy for InterContinental cars in Walker’s Cooper, and the GT race in Walker’s Ferrari. A week after Aintree, at Solitude, his UDT-⁠Laystall Lotus retired with a broken gearbox.

Great drive II

Nürburgring

 · Lotus 18/21–⁠Climax, No. 7

In practice Brabham’s new V8 Cooper was fastest; Moss, 3rd, was down on speed, and his gearbox kept jumping out of third. A shower at one o’clock sent every team to Dunlop’s new D12 rain tyres, and by a quarter to two Dunlop were telling them all to change back. Moss and Colin Chapman would not: Lotus had raced the tyres on a dry track at Solitude without the wear Dunlop feared. Ferrari did as Dunlop said. Juan Manuel Fangio dropped the flag. Brabham led briefly and slid off at the Hatzenbach, and Moss, past Hill on the first lap, had a clear road. Von Trips and Hill chased him, breaking the lap record lap after lap, Hill with the first lap of the circuit under 9 minutes, 8:57.8. With 2 laps left a gentle rain began to fall, and on his rain tyres Moss drew away to win by 21.4 seconds from von Trips, with Hill 3rd.

A panned photograph: a small open-wheeled racing car numbered 7, its driver in a white helmet, sharp against a blurred grass bank.
Moss in Rob Walker’s Lotus, No. 7, at the Schwalbenschwanz on his way to winning the German Grand Prix, Nürburgring, 6 August 1961. Lothar Spurzem · CC BY-⁠SA 2.0 DE
Seconds ahead of von Trips
21.4
World Championship wins, this the last
16
Moss and von Trips

1961 · The season

August and September

On some laps I’d get as many as fifteen corners really right, but Moss, he gets them all right on every lap.

Wolfgang von Trips after the German Grand Prix, 6 August 1961, as reported by Denis Jenkinson, Motor Sport, September 1961

The crowd at the Nürburgring, 300,000 strong by Motor Sport’s count, forgave him even for beating von Trips, a German, on his home ground.

The next day he won the Peco Trophy at Brands Hatch in Walker’s Ferrari 250 GT, and on 19 August, in the Ferrari again, the Tourist Trophy at Goodwood for the seventh time, by a lap. A day later he won the Kanonloppet at Karlskoga in the Lotus, on 26 and 27 August all three heats of the Danish Grand Prix at Roskilde, and on 3 September, from pole and with the fastest lap, the Modena Grand Prix, a week before the Italian Grand Prix.

1961

For the Italian Grand Prix at Monza Walker had a Coventry Climax V8 fitted to a Lotus, with help from Ferguson Research, but it overheated in practice. On the morning of the race Innes Ireland offered Moss his works Lotus 21; its top bodywork was changed for Walker’s dark blue, and it carried Moss’s number, 28. He had never driven a works Lotus, and he was racing hard with Gurney when, after 36 laps, a front wheel bearing failed.

On the second lap von Trips and Clark had collided. Von Trips was killed, as were 14 spectators. The race and the title went to Phil Hill.

1961 · The autumn

Oulton Park, 23 September

Ferrari stayed away from the International Gold Cup at Oulton Park; most of the British teams came, with their four-cylinder Climax engines. Moss drove the Ferguson. In fitful rain he was 2nd fastest in practice, in 1:44.8. He made a slow start, first gear being hard to engage, passed Graham Hill on lap 6 and drew away from the field. The Ferguson’s four-wheel drive, Bill Boddy wrote in Motor Sport, let it out-brake every other car on the circuit. As the track dried Moss set a lap record, 1:46.4, and he won by 46 seconds from Brabham, his fifth Gold Cup. No other Formula One race has been won by a car with four-wheel drive. At Oulton Park again in 2010, Moss explained how it had to be driven: in a rear-engined car you aim ahead of where you want to be, but the Ferguson was neutral. “You just aim where you want to go.”

Watkins Glen, 8 October

His last World Championship race was the United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen. He tried the new Climax V8 in practice, raced the four-cylinder car from 3rd on the grid, duelled with Brabham and led for 12 laps until the engine failed. Ireland won, Team Lotus’s first championship win.

The autumn went on in America and the Bahamas: wins in the Pacific Grand Prix at Laguna Seca in October, in a Lotus 19, and in the Nassau Tourist Trophy on 3 December, in Walker’s Ferrari. In South Africa, in December, he was 2nd to Clark twice in a UDT-⁠Laystall Lotus, at Westmead, where he had arrived too late for official practice and started from the back of the grid, and at East London.

The last full year

He ended 1961 as the Guild of Motoring Writers’ Driver of the Year, with the BARC Gold Star, and as the BBC’s Sports Personality of the Year. In 2009 he set out what the year had been worth: “In my last full year, 1961, I grossed £32,700.” Out of that he paid all his own expenses, flying economy, and on the £8,000 left he paid tax at the high rates of the time; he thought he netted about £3,200.

For 1962 he had agreed to drive a Ferrari in Formula One, but on his own terms: a car in Walker’s dark blue with a white noseband, run by Walker, with Ferrari’s support. On Easter Monday 1962, at Goodwood, he crashed, and the plan came to nothing.

The book now goes back to the races beside the championship, beginning with the Mille Miglia of 1955.

1961 · Clark at Monaco

Last year’s car

I said to Rob Walker afterwards, ‘We’re not going to be able to get by with last year’s car for very much longer. I need one the same as his; I’m not going to be able to afford to give him anything.’ He wasn’t yet the Jimmy Clark that he became, but the writing was on the wall.

Stirling Moss to Mark Hughes, Motor Sport, August 2000, on Jim Clark in 1961
Moss and Clark

1961 · Race by race

Race by race

A tick for each round he started.

1961 · race by race
RdGrand PrixGridRes.Pts
1Monaco11 FL9
Fastest lap equal with Richie Ginther at 1:36.3. In the first race of the 1.5-⁠litre formula, with an older four-cylinder Lotus giving away more than 25 bhp to the Ferrari V6s, he led from lap 14 and held off Ginther and Phil Hill to win by 3.6s.
2Dutch443
He took 4th from Ginther on the last lap, after a broken throttle spring had slowed the Ferrari, and kept it by a tenth of a second at the line; Wolfgang von Trips won.
3Belgian880
Ferraris finished 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th; Phil Hill won.
4French4Ret0
Brakes. Ran 3rd for a while, then dropped back with brake trouble; Giancarlo Baghetti won on his championship debut.
5BritishIn his own car, No. 285Ret0
His own car, No. 28: retired after 44 laps (brakes). Fairman’s No. 26: disqualified (push start with Fairman driving). In heavy rain he passed Ginther and Phil Hill to run 2nd; his brakes failed as the track dried; Ferrari finished 1st, 2nd and 3rd; Moss himself was not disqualified.
6German319
Started on Dunlop’s rain tyres against Dunlop’s advice, passed Phil Hill on the first lap and led to the finish; rain late in the race favoured him; he beat von Trips by 21.4s; his 16th and last championship win.
7Italian11Ret0
Wheel bearing. Drove Innes Ireland’s works Lotus 21; von Trips and 14 spectators were killed in a crash on lap 2; Phil Hill won the race and the title.
8United States3Ret0
Engine. Tried the new Climax V8 in practice but raced the four-cylinder; he duelled with Brabham and led for 12 laps until the engine failed; Ireland gave Team Lotus its first championship win; his last World Championship race.
Season21

Red rule: a win. Bold grid figure: pole position. Broken rule and half-disc: a shared drive, the car changing hands. FL: fastest lap.

1961 · The other races

The other races

1961 · the other races
RaceRes.
New Zealand Grand PrixRet
Clutch; fastest lap. Ardmore, for R.R.C. Walker.
Lady Wigram Trophy2
For R.R.C. Walker.
Warwick Farm International 1001
For R.R.C. Walker.
Sebring Four Hours5
For John Sprinzel.
Sebring 12 HoursRet
Exhaust manifold. With Graham Hill, for Camoradi International.
Lavant Cup (InterContinental Formula)1
Goodwood, for R.R.C. Walker.
Glover Trophy4
Pole. Goodwood, for R.R.C. Walker.
Sussex Trophy1
Goodwood, for UDT-⁠Laystall Racing Team.
Fordwater Trophy3
Goodwood, for R. Wilkins and R.R.C. Walker.
Grand Prix de Bruxelles (three heats)7
Aggregate; misfire. Heysel, for R.R.C. Walker.
Grosser Preis von Wien1
Pole, fastest lap. Aspern, for R.R.C. Walker.
Aintree 200Ret
For R.R.C. Walker.
Sports-car race, Aintree 200 meeting1
Gran Premio di Siracusa8
Syracuse, for R.R.C. Walker.
Targa FlorioRet
Differential. Piccolo Madonie, with Graham Hill, for Porsche KG.
BRDC International Trophy (InterContinental Formula)1
Silverstone, for R.R.C. Walker.
Sports-car race, International Trophy meeting1
Silverstone, for UDT-⁠Laystall.
ADAC 1000 kmRet
Engine. Nürburgring, with Graham Hill, for Porsche-Werk.
Silver City Trophy1
Fastest lap. Brands Hatch.
Le Mans 24 HoursRet
Broken fan blade, water lost. Circuit de la Sarthe, with Graham Hill, for North American Racing Team.
Player’s 2001
Mosport, for United Dominions Trust (UDT).
British Empire Trophy (InterContinental Formula)1
Silverstone, for R.R.C. Walker.
GT race, British Empire Trophy meeting1
Silverstone, for R.R.C. Walker and R. S. Wilkins.
Grosser Preis der SolitudeRet
Gearbox, 22 laps. For UDT-⁠Laystall.
Peco Trophy1
Brands Hatch, for R.R.C. Walker and R. S. Wilkins.
RAC Tourist Trophy1
Goodwood, for R.R.C. Walker.
Kanonloppet1
Shared fastest lap. Karlskoga.
Danish Grand Prix (three heats)1
Won all three heats. Roskildering.
Gran Premio di Modena1
Pole, fastest lap. For R.R.C. Walker.
Tour de France AutomobileDNS
With Solomon, for R.R.C. Walker.
International Gold Cup1
Fastest lap, lap record. Oulton Park, for R.R.C. Walker.
Canadian Grand Prix (sports cars)3
Mosport, for UDT-⁠Laystall.
Riverside Three Hours4
With Jack Brabham, for Bud Rose Imports.
200-mile race (Times GP)16
Riverside, for UDT-⁠Laystall.
Pacific Grand Prix1
Laguna Seca, for UDT-⁠Laystall.
Nassau Tourist Trophy1
Also won the preliminary. For R.R.C. Walker.
Governor’s Trophy (preliminary)Ret
Did not start in the main race. Nassau (Oakes Field), for Team Rosebud.
Nassau Trophy46
Classified. For Team Rosebud.
Natal Grand Prix2
From the back of the grid; fastest lap. Westmead, for UDT-⁠Laystall.
South African Grand Prix2
East London, for UDT-⁠Laystall.

Red rule: a win.

1961 · Key dates

Key dates

  1. Wins the Vienna Grand Prix in a Lotus 18.

  2. Wins the Monaco Grand Prix, holding off the Ferraris by 3.6s.

  3. Wins the Silver City Trophy at Brands Hatch.

  4. His last Le Mans, with Graham Hill in a Ferrari 250 GT SWB: retires.

  5. British Grand Prix: his Lotus retires with brake failure; he then drives the Ferguson P99, already disqualified for a push start with Jack Fairman driving, until protests have it called in.

  6. Wins the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring: his 16th and last championship win.

  7. Wins the Tourist Trophy at Goodwood for the seventh time, in the Ferrari 250 GT SWB.

  8. Wins the Modena Grand Prix in Walker’s Lotus.

  9. Italian Grand Prix: retires; von Trips and 14 spectators are killed.

  10. Wins the International Gold Cup at Oulton Park in the four-wheel-drive Ferguson P99.

  11. His last World Championship race, the United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen: leads, then the engine fails.

  12. Wins the Nassau Tourist Trophy in the Ferrari 250 GT SWB.

  13. Named Driver of the Year by the Guild of Motoring Writers and awarded the BARC Gold Star.

  14. Named BBC Sports Personality of the Year.

Sources